This article informs us about the glutamate system, a neurotransmitter with two receptors: NDMA and AMPA. Ketamine boosted AMPA, which brought immediate relief from depression in mice. Because ketamine can induce hallucinations, it is not going to start being prescribed in humans. However, current medications achieve the same effect as ketamine, just traveling on a longer path. That taking a direct path to boosting AMPA relieves depression immediately is an important clue. It's good to know scientists are discovering new answers as they look for exactly which neurotransmitter malfunction is responsible for this debilitating disease.